In Gardner’s adaptation of Beowulf, the character Grendel’s use of
vocabulary evolves over the course of the story. In the beginning Grendel is
still in what is considered his childhood where he doesn’t completely
understand the concept of language. He doesn’t remember when exactly he learned
how to speak, but he understands that it is a part that makes him different
from the instinctual animals that he hunts. He notices that his mother has long
since lost the gift of speaking. Without
anyone to talk to, Grendel becomes very lonely and often contemplates his
purpose in the world. In his first encounter with humans, he discovers that he
is not the only one with the ability to speak, and tries to communicate with
them. His guttural roars are misinterpreted by the humans, even though they
speak the same language, and he is attacked. Grendel learns through this
experience that language is a form of communication, but also that creatures
with the ability to use it have higher intelligence. After meeting the dragon
and observing the humans for twelve years, Grendel becomes proficient in the
use of his linguistic skills and continually flaunts them when he can. He tries
to understand the ways of humans and why they exist in order to provide a
meaning for his own existence. He mocks the tales of heroes and their epics to
play tricks on Unferth’s mind and even recites lines of poetry he has learned
from the Shaper. In the end Grendel is forced by Beowulf to sing of walls in a
final act of humiliation. At this point, Grendel feels that language is a
device that men use to fill each other with fanciful ideas and to bend the
truth. He sees the inner barbarity of humanity and is disgusted by their
ability to sugar-coat gruesome battles with overtures of glory and fame. From
babe to beast, Grendel realizes that language can be beautiful, but more often
a messenger of lies and deceit for the debilitation of others.

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